您应该选择哪种西班牙语变体进行翻译?
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By Molly Yurick | Compass author
The Spanish language is as beautiful as it is diverse. It’s a global language with an estimated 500 million native speakers and is the official language of 21 countries. 但每个国家、文化和社区都以自己的方式使用西班牙语. 在词汇、语法、发音等方面都可以看到差异. For example, 在西班牙每天使用的一个词可能有完全不同的意思,甚至是冒犯性的! – in Venezuela, or vice versa.
如果您需要将文件或内容翻译成西班牙语, 您必须首先确定您的目标受众,并选择适当的变体.
How many Spanish variants are there?
It’s hard to put an exact number on this, 但这里有一些最常见的西班牙语版本,覆盖了大量的目标受众:
- European Spanish, also known as “Castilian Spanish”
- European Spanish is spoken in Spain. 如果您的受众位于欧洲,则选择此变体. 卡斯蒂利亚变体与其他变体最不同,因为它是最孤立的, both geographically and culturally.
- Latin American Spanish, also known as “LATAM Spanish”
- 如果你的受众很广泛,并且遍布拉丁美洲, 那么你的翻译应该是拉丁美洲西班牙语. 这种变体避免使用特定国家的口语,以便整个大陆的西班牙语使用者都能理解.
- U.S. Spanish
- 如果你的目标是接触住在美国的5300万讲西班牙语的人,那就去美国吧.S. Spanish variant. Many people believe the U.S. Spanish variant is the same as Latin American Spanish. It’s not. U.S. Spanish has its own peculiarities, such as using English numbering conventions, sentence structure, and a whole lot of anglicisms. For example, “Dame chance,” translates as “Give me a chance,” and “¿Me das un ride?” translates as “Can you give me a ride?”
- Country-specific Spanish (e.g. Mexican Spanish)
- 虽然世界上大多数讲西班牙语的国家都位于拉丁美洲, each has its own variant. 如果你的受众在地理上位于一个特定的国家, translate into their specific variant.
- Neutral Spanish
- 没有以中立西班牙语为母语的人,但每个人都能理解它. 中性西班牙语没有特定国家的口语,使用简单的语言,所以任何西班牙语使用者, anywhere in the world, can read and understand your content. 如果你心中没有特定的受众,中性的西班牙语是一种选择.
Why is choosing the right Spanish variant important?
简短的回答是,因为你想和你的听众建立联系. 让他们明白你想要传达的信息是很重要的.
让我用两个最常见的变体来说明我的意思, Latin American Spanish and European Spanish:
Vocabulary
The word computer translates into European Spanish as ordenador and into LATAM Spanish as computadora. Car translates into European Spanish as coche but into LATAM Spanish as carro. Cell phone in translates into European Spanish as móvil, but celular in most Latin American countries. You’ll find even more differences at the country level. For example, in many Spanish-speaking countries, girlfriend is translated as novia, but in Chile people say polola. And the list goes on and on!
Grammar
在语法方面,代词用法就是一个很好的例子. In European Spanish, vosotros is used for the third-person plural you, while in Latin American Spanish ustedes instead. Both vosotros and ustedes come with their own verb conjugations, too.
Formality
西班牙语用不同层次的称呼来表示正式程度, but the way this is done can vary across variants. In most countries, you can be translated as tú (informal address) or usted (formal address). 但不同文化的正式称呼用法不尽相同. 例如,西班牙人使用正式称呼的频率远低于墨西哥人. In Mexico, 在错误的时间对错误的人使用非正式的称呼很容易冒犯别人. But in Spain, 使用正式的称呼可能会冒犯到别人, depending on the person and context.
Pronunciation
西班牙以其独特的字母Z和C的发音而引人注目, depending on where the letter is placed in the word. 例如,西班牙人把巴塞罗那市的发音发成 Barthelona, while Latin Americans say Barselona.
选择西班牙语变体时知识的力量
当您投资翻译时,您希望获得最大的回报. 这意味着使用最能打动你的读者的译文. 首先要选择正确的西班牙语变体.
但是确保你的信息与你的目标受众产生共鸣并不止于此. 你还需要为工作选择合适的翻译人员. 我的建议是:找一个母语是你正在寻找的西班牙语变体的专业人士,并在第一次就把它说对.
Start your search in the American Translators Association directory. A large portion of its almost 9,000 members are native Spanish speakers, 所以你一定要找一个会说这种变体的专业人士,他擅长你需要翻译的文本类型.
有关如何聘请翻译的更多建议,请查看此 quick and easy guide.
About t
he Author
Molly Yurick is a Spanish to English subtitler and translator. 她的字幕可以在Netflix上看到,她擅长旅游翻译. 她也是永利登录网址的活跃志愿者. 永利登录网址代表了近9个国家,在100多个国家有超过5000名笔译和口译员. 如需聘请翻译或口译专业人员,请访问 f9y.westerlyspine.com/directory.
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